Dr. Tom McClelland argues that there is no reliable way to know whether AI is conscious, and that this uncertainty may never ...

For most of human history, consciousness has been something that scientists have talked around. It hasn’t really been something they could test. That is, until now. Researchers have begun to treat ...

One of the most resonant questions in the debate over artificial intelligence and consciousness comes from philosopher David Chalmers, who framed what he called the "Hard Problem of Consciousness." ...

Learn about Nobel laureate Roger Penrose's idea of how consciousness is caused by quantum processes. Nobel laureate Roger Penrose is widely held to be one of the most brilliant living physicists for ...

In the 1990s Australian philosopher David Chalmers framed the challenge of distinguishing between the “easy” problems and the “hard” problem of consciousness. Easy problems involve explaining behavior ...

The origins of consciousness date back about 540 million years ago, when animal bodies became more complex. Feelings like ...

Imagine a physicist observing a quantum system whose behavior is akin to a coin toss: it could come up heads or tails. They perform the quantum coin toss and see heads. Could they be certain that ...