The atmosphere and the earth’s ecosystems are parts of a coupled system. For a large variety of processes, forcing from one partner in the interaction elicits one or more responses from the other ...

An ecosystem is normally defined as a complex of all living (plants, animals, microorganisms) and non-living (soil, climate) components interacting as a functional unit in a certain area. Each ...

vices (supporting, regulating, provisioning, and cultural) defined by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA, 2005). Ecosystem services can also be classified according to their spatial ...

One in five countries are at risk of their ecosystems collapsing, threatening more than half of global GDP (US$42 trillion, or £32 trillion), according to recent research. This scary sounding ...