Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a way to investigate the surface features of some materials. It works by “feeling” or “touching” the surface with an extremely small probe. This provides a ...
What is Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM)? Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) is a scanning probe microscopy technique that allows the imaging and characterization of magnetic properties of materials at ...
PFM is based on the converse piezoelectric effect, where an applied electric field induces mechanical strain in piezoelectric materials. In PFM, an AC voltage is applied between a conductive atomic ...
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