Reviewing a typical protective device trip curve (click here to see Fig. 2), it can be divided into three regions. First is the “instantaneous region,” which is the region intended to interrupt ...

Reducing personal injuries from arc flash events should be the main goal of any arc flash hazard assessment. Many facilities have locations where the arc flash energy levels are extremely high. These ...

Discrimination is the practice of selecting protective devices and adjusting their settings in order to limit interruption to electrical installations under fault conditions. When the devices in a ...

To date, all Voltage Source Converters (VSC) used in HVDC networks are incapable of clearing faults on the DC side of the converter. “For most of the situations where such converters have been used so ...

Requiring only a handful of inexpensive components, the circuit breaker in Figure 1 responds to both overcurrent- and overvoltage-fault conditions. At the heart of the circuit, D 2, an adjustable, ...

Trends in building automation can be seen at "Light + Building". Innovations: circuit breakers and residual current devices are becoming remotely controllable.